It’s been far too long since I’ve read any of Gregory Wolfe’s editorials in Image Journal. I would buy a subscription, honestly I would, but it’s a little out of my price range for only four issues a year. However, after reading this, I’m seriously questioning my financial priorities!
Personally, I have always been frustrated by the pairing and comparing of faith and reason. It is not that I am an “unfaithful” or “unreasonable” person, it’s just that I find it incomprehensible to contain all possible knowledge within these two words. When we discuss how we know something, inevitably it seems we speak of faith and reason. I would heartily agree with the idea that they are codependent. But even this seems lacking to my train of thought and I am left looking for words and arguments to validate story, art and beauty within the constructs of “faith” and “reason”.
In his editorial “The Wound of Beauty”, Wolfe considers how modern thought has tended toward a discussion of faith and reason, goodness and truth, but has forgotten about beauty. He explores goodness, truth and beauty in a three-pronged relationship as the “transcendentals”. And finally he addresses the absence left by an ultimate rejection of beauty.
Wolfe begins by reminding us of some of the foundations of Western aesthetics: “In theory, goodness, truth, and beauty—traditionally known as the “transcendentals,” because they are the three qualities that God has in infinite abundance—are equal in dignity and worth. Indeed, in Christian thought there has always been a sense that the transcendentals exist in something of a trinitarian relationship to one another. But in practice it rarely seems to work out that way.”
Beauty is the ignored sister of the three. We push her aside with phrases like “beauty is in the eye of the beholder”, or we relegate her to a discussion on “taste”. We say that she’s nice and pretty and rob her of all authority. We find beauty frustrating; she is decadent, giving without thought of how it could be received. She is unpredictable and we fear her. We even attack and question her relevance. Wolfe suggests that “secular and religious attacks on beauty are nearly identical. Beauty is seen as an anesthetizing force that distracts us from the moral imperatives of justice and the quest for truth. There isn’t much difference between a stern proponent of Iconoclasm in the eighth century and a modern Marxist attacking beauty as nothing but an opiate to lull us into acquiescence to the powers that be.”
The other sisters, goodness (morality) and truth have been hotly contested throughout history, and perhaps now even more so in this post-modern climate. Wolfe suggests that this continuing tension is clearly seen in the “debate” of faith vs. reason, where faith is tied to goodness and reason to truth. It is certainly easy to argue about what is true and what it good, we all want people to think and act the way we do. But in these arguments, beauty is relegated to the sidelines – a nicety that makes existence tolerable. “Secularists and believers alike have either rejected beauty altogether or argued that beauty should make the pills of truth and goodness go down easier. Beauty must serve some other end; it is not an end in itself.”
So what happens when one transcendentals is ignored? What do we loose? Hans Urs von Balthasar considers the ends of a rejection of beauty in The Glory of God, a contemplation on truth, goodness and beauty:
Beauty is the word which shall be our first. Beauty is the last thing which the thinking intellect dares to approach since only it dances as an uncontained splendor around the double constellation of the true and the good and their inseparable relation to one another. Beauty is the disinterested one, without which the ancient world refused to understand itself, a word which both imperceptibly and unmistakably has bid farewell to our new world, a world of interests, leaving it to its own avarice and sadness. No longer loved or fostered by religion, beauty is lifted from its face as a mask, and its absence exposes features on that face which threaten to become incomprehensible to man. We no longer dare to believe in beauty and we make of it a mere appearance in order the more easily to dispose of it. Our situation today shows that beauty demands for itself at least as much courage and decision as do truth and goodness, and she will not allow herself to be separated and banned from her two sisters without taking them along with herself in an act of mysterious vengeance. We can be sure that whoever sneers at her name as if she were the ornament of a bourgeois past - whether he admits it or not - can no longer pray and soon will no longer be able to love.
Terrifying words indeed. But they seem to ring true to me, especially at such a time when Christians are constantly at a loss when confronted with the apparently arrogant “truth claims” we adhere to and the hypocritical moral standards we’d prefer other’s hold as well as ourselves… Perhaps we find ourselves at such a place because we have forgotten the beautiful sister, we’ve forgotten it was the beauty of the story that led us to believe in the first place.
If truth is pursued by reason, as Wolfe suggests, and goodness by faith, what is the pairing for the ever absent beauty? If beauty is not only to serve goodness and truth, what is beauty’s end?
Imagination.
That’s about all I have in me right now. I hope to continue this post at a later time.
Labels: aesthetics, beauty, faith, imagination, reason